RESUMO O fungo Sclerotinia sclerotiorum incide sobre a cultura da soja causando danos em sua produtividade. Entretanto, a quantificação de tais danos ainda demanda estudos, devido à interação com o ambiente em que o desenvolvimento da doença se insere. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo quantificar em estudos observacionais, através de metanálise, a influência que o patógeno exerce sobre a cultura da soja e analisar a viabilidade do controle químico do mesmo com o fungicida fluazinam. Conduziram-se 121 estudos observacionais durante as safras 2011/2012 a 2014/2015 em que cada estudo consistia de uma parcela aplicada e outra sem aplicação do fungicida fluazinam. Agrupando-se os estudos por cultivares e safra de cultivo, estabeleceram-se 16 entradas de dados (K = 16) para condução de metanálise em modelos aleatórios. Observou-se que há diferença entre as respostas das cultivares avaliadas em produtividade em resposta a aplicação do fungicida. Ainda, como estimativa metanalítica, constatou-se que há resposta positiva em 243,44 kg.ha-1 com amplitude de 142,83 a 344,05 kg.ha-1. Para a região estudada, no sul do Paraná, a probabilidade de haver qualquer acréscimo de produtividade foi de 88,3%, sendo que para aumento em 60, 120, 300, 600 Kg.ha-1 as mesmas foram 81,5; 72,7; 69,9; 39,1 e 4,1 %, respectivamente. Considerando-se R$ 70,00 o custo da saca e R$ 160,00.ha-1 o custo da aplicação do fungicida, estimou-se em 69,9 % a probabilidade de retorno financeiro, quando utilizado o mesmo. Assim, a aplicação de fluazinam contribuiu no acréscimo de produtividade de soja frente à incidência de S.scleotiorum.

ABSTRACT The fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum affects the soybean crop by causing yield loss. However, quantification of such damage still demands studies due to the interaction with the environment where the disease is inserted. Thus, the present paper has as objective to quantify in observational studies, by meta-analysis, the influence of the pathogen on soybean crop and to analyze the viability of chemical control with the fungicide fluazinam. The conducted observational trials accounted for 121 during the seasons 2011/2012 to 2014/2015, in which each study consisted of a plot with application and another plot without application of the fungicide fluazinam. Grouping the studies according to cultivars and crop season, 16 data entries (K = 16) were established for meta-analysis in random models. There were differences between the cultivars evaluated for yield in response to fungicide application. Moreover, as meta-analytical estimate, there was a positive response at 243.44 kg.ha-1, with amplitude from 142.83 to 344.05 kg.ha-1. For the studied region, in the south of Paraná State, Brazil, the probability for yield increase was 88.3%, and for an increase of 60, 120, 300 and 600 kg.ha-1 the probability was 81.5; 72.2; 69.9; 39.1 and 4.1 %, respectively. Considering R$ 70.00 the cost of soybean bag and R$ 160.00.ha-1 the cost of fungicide application, 69.9 % was estimated as the probability of financial return when using the fungicide. Thus, fluazinam application contributed to increase soybean yield against S. sclerotiorum incidence.

Resumo Nosso artigo, fundamentado na Pesquisa Apreciativa, apresenta e discute as melhores práticas de um grupo de preceptores de um programa de residência multiprofissional em Saúde. As melhores práticas identificadas são: a consulta multiprofissional, o acolhimento dos residentes e as ações integradas entre as diferentes ênfases da residência. Além dessas, identificaram-se as estratégias para desenvolver as práticas nos cenários de saúde que seguem os pressupostos da educação interprofissional, já que promovem a reflexão de diferentes atores do processo na construção de práticas que buscam maior atenção à saúde dos usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).

ABSTRACT In this article, based on Appreciative Inquiry, we present and discuss the best practices of a group of preceptors from a multiprofessional health residency program in Brazil. The best practices we identified are the multiprofessional consultation, the reception given to residents, and the integrated actions among different majors of the residency. In addition, we identified their strategies to develop the practices in health settings. The practices follow the presuppositions of interprofessional education, as they promote the reflection of different actors on the construction of practices that aim at the provision of better healthcare for users of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS).

Resumen Nuestro artículo, fundamentado en la investigación apreciativa, presenta y discute las mejores prácticas de un grupo de preceptores de un Programa de Residencia Multiprofesional en Salud. las mejores prácticas identificadas son: la consulta multiprofesional, la acogida de los residentes y las acciones integradas entre los diferentes énfasis de la residencia. Además de esas, se identificaron las estrategias para desarrollar las prácticas en los escenarios de Salud que siguen los supuestos de la educación interprofesional, puesto que promueven la reflexión de diferentes actores del proceso en la construcción de prácticas que buscan una mejor atención de la salud de los usuarios del Sistema Brasileño de Salud (SUS).

Resumo Nosso artigo, fundamentado na Pesquisa Apreciativa, apresenta e discute as melhores práticas de um grupo de preceptores de um programa de residência multiprofissional em Saúde. As melhores práticas identificadas são: a consulta multiprofissional, o acolhimento dos residentes e as ações integradas entre as diferentes ênfases da residência. Além dessas, identificaram-se as estratégias para desenvolver as práticas nos cenários de saúde que seguem os pressupostos da educação interprofissional, já que promovem a reflexão de diferentes atores do processo na construção de práticas que buscam maior atenção à saúde dos usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).

ABSTRACT In this article, based on Appreciative Inquiry, we present and discuss the best practices of a group of preceptors from a multiprofessional health residency program in Brazil. The best practices we identified are the multiprofessional consultation, the reception given to residents, and the integrated actions among different majors of the residency. In addition, we identified their strategies to develop the practices in health settings. The practices follow the presuppositions of interprofessional education, as they promote the reflection of different actors on the construction of practices that aim at the provision of better healthcare for users of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS).

Resumen Nuestro artículo, fundamentado en la investigación apreciativa, presenta y discute las mejores prácticas de un grupo de preceptores de un Programa de Residencia Multiprofesional en Salud. las mejores prácticas identificadas son: la consulta multiprofesional, la acogida de los residentes y las acciones integradas entre los diferentes énfasis de la residencia. Además de esas, se identificaron las estrategias para desarrollar las prácticas en los escenarios de Salud que siguen los supuestos de la educación interprofesional, puesto que promueven la reflexión de diferentes actores del proceso en la construcción de prácticas que buscan una mejor atención de la salud de los usuarios del Sistema Brasileño de Salud (SUS).

RESUMO O controle químico de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum pode prevenir infecção, e reduzir a incidência e severidade da doença. Analisar resultados de ensaios individuais nem sempre fornecem conclusões confiáveis. Com isso, técnicas estatísticas como a metanálise, pouco utilizada na fitopatologia, podem ser úteis. Basicamente a técnica sumariza quantitativamente resultados de diversos estudos os ponderando de acordo com sua variabilidade. Assim, foram analisados trabalhos publicados e relatórios técnicos fornecidos por entidades de pesquisa, contendo o tratamento químico com o ingrediente ativo fluazinam usado no controle de S. sclerotiorum e seu efeito na produtividade da soja. Foram analisados 18 experimentos, totalizando 50 entradas de dados. A variável utilizada para o modelo de efeitos aleatórios foi obtida pela diferença entre o tratamento com o fungicida e a testemunha (sem aplicação). A estimativa metanalítica indicou acréscimo de 413,9 kg.ha-1 com amplitude de 344,6 a 483,1 kg.ha-1. A probabilidade de haver qualquer acréscimo de produtividade foi de 89,1%, sendo que para 120, 300, 600, 900 e 1.200 Kg.ha-1 as chances foram 82,8; 69,6; 41,7; 17,6 e 4,9%, respectivamente. Considerando-se R$50,00 o preço da saca 60 kg e R$ 170,00.ha-1 o custo do fungicida, estimou-se em 77,1% a probabilidade de retorno econômico. Concluiu-se que a aplicação de fluazinam contribuiu para o aumento de produtividade de soja atacada por S.scleotiorum.

ABSTRACT Chemical control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum can prevent infection and reduce the disease incidence and severity. Assessment of individual assay results may not provide reliable conclusions. Statistical techniques like meta-analysis, rarely adopted in phytopathology, may be useful. Basically, the technique quantitatively summarizes the results of several studies, weighting them according to their variability. Thus, published studies and technical reports provided by research entities were analyzed; they contained chemical treatment with the active ingredient fluazinam used in S. sclerotiorum control and its effect on soybean yield. Eighteen experiments were analyzed, totaling 50 data entries. The variable used for the random effects model was obtained based on the difference between the fungicide treatment and the control (without application). Meta-analytic estimate indicated an increase of 413.9 kg.ha-1 and range from 344.6 to 483.1 kg.ha-1. Probability of any increase in yield was 89.1%, and for 120, 300, 600, 900 and 1,200 Kg.ha-1 chances were 82.8, 69.6, 41.7, 17.6 and 4.9%, respectively. Considering R$ 50.00 is the cost of a 60kg bag and R$ 170.00.ha-1 is the fungicide cost, the probability of financial return was estimated at 77.1%. Fluazinam application contributed to increase the yield of soybean attacked by S. sclerotiorum.

Objectives: Compare the effectiveness of PapacarieTM gel for the chemo-mechanical removal of carious lesions on primary teeth to conventional caries removal with a low-speed bur with regard to execution time, clinical aspects and radiographic findings. Material and Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial with a split-mouth design was carried out. The sample was composed of 20 children aged four to seven years, in whom 40 deciduous teeth were randomly divided into two groups: chemo-mechanical caries removal with PapacarieTM and removal of carious dentin with a low-speed bur. Each child underwent both procedures and served as his/her own control. Restorations were performed with glass ionomer cement. The time required to perform the procedure was also analyzed. The patients underwent longitudinal clinical and radiographic follow-up of the restorations. Results: No statistically significant difference between groups was found regarding the time required to perform the procedures and the radiographic follow up. Statistically significant differences between groups were found in the clinical evaluation at 6 and 18 months after treatment. Conclusion: PapacarieTM is as effective as the traditional method for the removal of carious dentin on deciduous teeth, but offers the advantages of the preservation of sound dental tissue as well as the avoidance of sharp rotary instruments and local anesthesia.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to analyze the efficacy of Papacarie¯ gel compared with the traditional method (low-speed bur) in reducing the counts of total bacteria, Lactobacillus, total Streptococcus and Streptococcus mutans group. METHODS: A randomized, controlled clinical trial with a split-mouth design was performed. The sample comprised 40 deciduous teeth in 20 children (10 males and 10 females) aged four to seven years. The teeth were randomly allocated to two groups: G1, or chemomechanical caries removal with Papacarie Duo¯, and G2, or the removal of carious dentin tissue with a low-speed bur. Infected dentin was collected prior to the procedure, and the remaining dentin was collected immediately following the removal of the carious tissue. Initial and final counts of bacterial colonies were performed to determine whether there was a reduction in the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) of each microorganism studied. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01811420. RESULTS: Reductions were found in the numbers of total bacteria, total Streptococcus and Streptococcus mutans group following either of the caries removal methods (p<0.05). A reduction was also noted in the number of Lactobacillus CFUs; however, this difference did not achieve statistical significance (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Papacarie¯ is an excellent option for the minimally invasive removal of carious tissue, achieving significant reductions in total bacteria, total Streptococcus and S. mutans with the same effectiveness as the traditional caries removal method.

The yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti was introduced in Peru in 1852 and was considered to be eradicated in 1958. In 2001, Ae. aegypti had been recorded in 15 out of 24 Peruvian Departments. Peru has great ecological differences between the east and west sides of Andes. Because of this, we consider that Ae. aegypti populations of both east and west sides can have a genetically distinct population structure. In this study we examined genetic variability and genealogical relationships among three Ae. aegypti Peruvian populations: Lima, Piura (west Andes), and Iquitos (east Andes) using a fragment of the ND4 gene of the mitochondrial genome. Three haplotypes were detected among 55 samples. Lima and Iquitos showed the same haplotype (Haplotype I), whereas Piura has two haplotypes (Haplotype II and III). Haplotype II is four mutational steps apart from Haplotype I, while Haplotype III is 13 mutational steps apart from Haplotype I in the network. The analysis of molecular variation showed that mostly of the detected genetic variation occurs at interpopulational level. The significant value phist suggests that Piura population is structured in relation to Lima and Iquitos populations and the gene flow of the ND4 is restricted in Piura when compared to Lima and Iquitos. Genetic relationship between haplotype I and haplotype II suggests introduction of the same mtDNA lineage into those localities. However the existence of a genetically distant haplotype III also suggests introduction of at least two Ae. aegypti lineages in Peru.